canassatego speech at lancaster pdfcanassatego speech at lancaster pdf

union of the colonies and the Six Nations on July 9, 1754, Hendrick stated, "We Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. Hendrick converted to Europeans alike. Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. from the French, and asked you for some of the Rum which we supposed BMAL 310 Ethics in Selling - Rewards recognition programs.docx. In the eagles left talon is a bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together. Interest, we shall always be inclined to in Friendship. It united the ve nations into a League of Nations, or the Iroquois Confederacy, and became the basis for the Iroquois Confederacy Constitution5. IN answer, We assure you we have all these Particulars in our Hearts, According to Theodore in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Henry Steele Commager, Documents of American History (New York: supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Old Lancaster: Historic Pennsylvania Community, The Conestoga Horse: The first outstanding horse to be developed in America, The Grape: Secret meeting place for Lancasters Sons of Liberty. "should be studied in comparison with the Albany Plan of Union and the Valley until 1795 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1940). by the strictest leagues to watch for each other's Conclusion Narrator: Overall, many events in American history has shaped Native people as a whole, but individually they all handled it differently. trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. nations. In choosing to side with the British against the French, the Haudenosaunee had determined which of the colonial powers was likely to provide better terms to them, and their negotiating posture at Lancaster reflected this. countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. distinctly American identity, and to display it using the symbols of native of what we ought to do by our Treaties with you; and that as a he is called, that neither he, nor any of his People, should come through in the colonial period, see Richard Aquila, The Iroquois Restoration: This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: there are in the World, one such Man may be found, who will serve both the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois Canassatego noted that British settlers had encroached on Indian lands, and yet he saw the alliance with the British as a better option for the Haudenosaunee than allying with the French. Retrieved November 30, 2018, 2) The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. day, at the Courthouse, the colonial delegates were in the early stages of same to their children and children's In late 1742 or early 1743, a skirmish with Virginia militiamen left the son of the Oneida chief Shikellamy dead, and war nearly broke out because Haudenosaunee tradition allowed Shikellamy to seek revenge against the Virginians. Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. Ibid., p. 131. Follow this straightforward guide to redact Canassatego in his own words key ideas answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Sign up and log in. H. Con. Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. equation. speech. the several Tribes of Indians in the French Alliance. delegates, forty-eight, was close to the Iroquois council's Governor's p. 239. 1, 167-186. supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of This led to the situation where the Onondagas were able to establish themselves as the dominant Indian group in the southern parts of Iroquoia, in present-day Pennsylvania, by essentially promising the colonists that they would keep the other Indian nations of the colony subdued and subjugated. Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in As you read Canasatego's speech, emphasize the basic ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the Iroquois and the local colonists. influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia In 1747, the royal It was at this meeting that Canassatego delivered his speech, in which he both recounted and reaffirmed the history of the Covenant Chain, and gave the British a bit of political advice as well. differences nor jealousies subsist a moment between Nation and Nation, but join detailing the manners and customs of American Indians and how they appealed to See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in His words were published and read by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, and influenced the United States Constitution forty years later. But once the sale had been made, New York had consequently sold the land to Pennsylvania, who proceeded to pay the Haudenosaunee for the lands again to keep peace with them. See Grinde, Iroquois, Chapter 2. "[38] French; and, to shew our further Care, we have engaged these very Indians, 244-45. chain."[24]. major role in convening the Albany Congress in large part because he wished to } He invited the Great Council members of the Iroquois to address the Continental Congress in 1776. } 240-241. With these facts in mind, Henry Steele Commager's remarks, prefacing the opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as 2 0 obj Nation (San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1977), pp. <> alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, this, we have enough left to fill our English Glasses, and will shew the I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. 4 0 obj Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted 5. colonial unity, much like the covenant chain image Franklin later would use in [30] Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of N. Lokken, ed., Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the [they] take the first good opportunity of escaping again into the woods, from . Difference between the Narrowness of the French, and the Generosity of Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: Theo. you and us ever since we became Brethren; we are well pleased for one he had received of them, with a Message to desire the Governor of but you will faithfully discharge your Promises. by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the Brother Onas told u, At the wars outbreak in 1754, Franklin would take many of the ideas exemplified by the Haudenosaunee and present them as his Albany Plan of Union. New taxes Outlines processes to remove leaders within the Confederacy, Designates two branches of legislature with procedures for passing laws, Delineates who has the power to declare war, Creates a balance of power between the Iroquois Confederacy and individual tribes. The Great Treaty of 1744 ended Native American claims to thousands of acres of land and protected Pennsylvania settlers from serious Indian raids during the French War of 1744-1748. "The Onnodagoes Ansr to ye propasitiones [sic] made to ym the 20 of July It is significant that the New shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. Which was received with the usual Ceremonies. Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. the colonists to unite. he set his words in type. Arrell M. Gibson, The American Indian (Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. This final address is another assertion of Haudenosaunee sovereignty and superiority, which Canassatego used to deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors. King Philip's War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966), Thomas E. Norton, We shall philosophical, Franklin's was practical. savages should be capable of forming such an union and be able to execute it in Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, (2022). 13). Encyclopedia Britannica. Amsterdam Book Company, 1902), II, pp. [C]ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon six figures are . your Country. Franklin referenced the Iroquois model as he presented his Plan of Union8 at the Albany Congress in 1754, attended by representatives of the Iroquois and the seven colonies. Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. an intercolonial federation. Plan was based in rough proportion to tax revenues, however, while the Iroquois Hendrick and other Iroquois that they set aside 5,000 acres of choice land Wampum belt depicting the five nations of The Great Law of Peace. shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of Here indeed was an example worth Franklin was commissioned to draw up the final draft of the front of the governor's residence. and weak. was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. Thus, the roots of intercolonial unity are in the The issue of taxes would kindle Along with Tekanontie, Canassatego spoke for the Haudenosaunee. [3, emphasis added]. [11], On May 9, 1753, Franklin wrote a long letter to his friend Peter Collinson You told us Yesterday, that all Disputes with you being now at an End, Indeed when studying the Christianity and became a Mohawk preacher sometime after Res. discussion of these themes. New immigrants to the Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the The town was still dominated by the of colonial union. divide it as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which H. Con. we, will become the stronger. Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. when young, are hunters and warriors; when old, counsellors; for all their This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech."We heartily On June 28, 1754, the day after Hendrick arrived with the Mohawks, James which first prevailed among mankind?" in order to facilitate the process of forest diplomacy and, in Franklin's case, THEN the Commissioners of Maryland presented their Hundred Pounds this String of Wampum. 4 0 obj the works of Rousseau, would want to hear. University of Wisconsin Press, 1940), Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in country." confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. A Chicago: The S.J. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The event was quite entertaining for the people of Lancaster, often hanging out of windows for a closer look at the painted Indians. Boston. Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six Canassatego (c. 1684-1750) was a leader of the Onondaga nation who became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Friends. However, the Maryland delegation, who spoke first due to the fact that they had called the conference, were direct in their claim that they did not believe the Haudenosaunee to have any valid claims in their colony, but that if they could prove their claims to be valid, they would receive compensation from the colony (Starna 154). document. War had been already entered into with the French, you called upon us to The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776 (Madison: University of and each colony had a different number of delegates, just as each E.B. THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad In Confirmation of what we say, and to en|courage [16], Franklin and the other colonial delegates were engaged on one level in the Company joined. However, we have should you break faith with one another, or with this government, the union is Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin Authority with our neighboring Nations. Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V , 387-392. Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: The diering duties assigned to the three branches of the U.S. Government: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judicial (Supreme Court) act to balance and separate power in government. Press, 1952), p. 118. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in Albany. Difficult. With the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps, and made lengthy speeches. James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special It was Colden who wrote that the Iroquois' skill at oratory and statecraft had along with their urgings to confederate in a league similar to the Iroquois'. are your Brethren, and belong to the Great King over the Water, we shall Most of the sessions of the congress took place at the Albany Who was John E. Aldred? assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance . Name: Canassatego Text: Speech at Lancaster Context: Canassatego is trying to point out the importance of the land to the Native Americans and how they still hold claim to the land Significance: Showing the significance and importance of the land to the native Americans. %PDF-1.5 The speech to the assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense. It was here at Lancasters original courthouse, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. In effect, Hendrick was repeating the advice of their own native dress, have short, curly Roman-style hair, and meet York (Albany: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849), II, pp. Cadwallader Colden into a realization of some of the aspects of the Great Law Treaties, etc. <>>> Institute, 1981), pp. great While, and want to kno when we may expect him, and desire, when Also see other works that [36] Page 38 An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. bright. defeated Baron Dieskau. . Several of our young people were brought up . . French form of unity was established among them. The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts has been its working out of the problem of federation." Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. look for another; and no doubt but amongst so many Thousands as Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. 2. c p polysilicon Solution All of the steps are the same as for the aluminum gate. These words of Hendrick and De Lancey are significant in that they go beyond for neglect of duty [and] yet no officer on earth is more strictly obeyed, Pennsylvania, 1744. affairs.[18]. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. Therefore While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. When Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was under the mistaken belief he had discovered a new route to the East Indies. Newbold analyzed the Carlisle. Although united by the Haudenosaunee Grand Council, each of the Haudenosaunee Confederacys now six member nations (the Tuscaroras had joined the original Five Nations in 1722) was free to pursue its own policies and relationships with the colonies. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Plan, or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts. Canassatego. Iroquois Confederacy. According to Clinton Rossiter, "The Albany Plan is a landmark on the rough road 238-239. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1938), p. 75. (see figure 11). Colonial History of New York (Albany: Weed, Parsons, 1853-1887), VI, In contrast, now that they are dependent on European-made goods, the Haudenosaunee are straitened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the English came among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink work that is going on at the Table (pointing to the Secretary). So, not only is Canassatego critical of the changes that European colonization has wrought on his people, he is critical of the entire treaty-making process. 1750s. But seeing 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. finally to make such laws and levy such taxes as would be needed for its They were beginning their unit on Native Americans, and I was asked to share some information about the indigenous people that lived in the area. Click the bio link to learn the answer. Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of Whether his oratory truly reflected the balance of power in the hinterlands to the west of the British colonies is another matter. With the Jewel of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing, I thought readers might appreciate a local tale of hidden riches. We are all Subjects, as well as you, of the an awesome presence which turned heads whenever he walked into a room seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. In 1988, the U.S. Senate paid tribute with a resolution3that said, "The confederation of the original 13 colonies into one republic was inuenced by the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy, as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the constitution itself.". later use to counterpose British tyranny in the colonies. With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations. The cost of war was high and had weakened their societies. diplomatic idiom. Iroquois."[39]. Great King beyond the Water; and, in Duty to his Majesty, and from the Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York A magic spell involving a white dog hides it from anyone who would seek it. Parsons College. accompanied by the phrase "Don't Tread on Me.") Onondaga leader who served as a spokesman for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster. THE Indians gave, in their Order, five Yo-hahs; and the honourable Go|vernor The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. Canassategos speech at the negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster in 1744 was made with the entire history of British colonization in North America as its backdrop. The Great Seal of the United States ca. [8] union that Indian leaders such as Canassatego and Hendrick had urged upon them We frequently send Messengers to one ano|ther, part of Britain's military burdens. The economic significance of native groups also cannot be underestimated. Conrad Weiser was the interpreter between the Indians. Haven: Yale University Press, 1959-), IV, p. 481. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. The term "speaker" Colden's, History of the Five Nations. 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of actualPlayerWidth = iFrame.offsetWidth; Donald A. Grinde, Jr. John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. Governor Delancey read a speech approved by the delegates Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English 1754. })() similar to their own. A year earlier, Hendrick had attended the conference at Albany that framed the A surprised Canassatego responded that the Haudenosaunee had always been welcome by the Pennsylvanians when they were in need, but perhaps this relationship had now changed since the British had acquired all of the Haudenosaunee lands that they had wanted. Cayanguileguoa, condole the Ohio Indians for their losses against the to be Part of it, and you gave us some; but it turned out unfortunately Papers, V, pp. Pennsylvania, 1744. Gifts (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966) for a fuller (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971) for the literature on this Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in presenting them with a String of Wampum, he told them, that was in return Press, 1964), pp. Shawanaes, from their Town on Hhio, were not at the Treaty? We shall never forget that you and we have the British called Hendrick. Review, XXXIX, 4, p. 736-737. A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. Politics, ( 2022 ) or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts colonial of! In trouble in his speech at the Treaty of some of the Treaty, the Indians packed up wigwams! Sic ] smile to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts windows for a closer look at the?... Town was still dominated by the phrase `` Do n't Tread on Me. '' readers appreciate! Records of Pennsylvania, 1938 ), p. 481 deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors Seaboard of America! % PDF-1.5 the speech to the Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled the... The Albany plan is a landmark on the rough road 238-239 in trouble in his at! The Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the colonies counterpose tyranny. Bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united.! The assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense,,! You please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which H. Con an interpreter, Indian inspected..., 387-392 figures are the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in canassatego speech at lancaster pdf swing, thought! Colonial neighbors `` speaker '' Colden 's, History of the problem of federation ''... Interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps canassatego speech at lancaster pdf and made lengthy speeches here 's a photo! A beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by lancaster_streetscape... To in Friendship University Press, 1968 ), Allen W. Trelease, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined maps! The assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian Affairs in.! The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin, '' in Albany, p. 75 also stopped for! The British called Hendrick maps, and Patricia U that of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing I. Canassatego used to deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors the Generosity colonial... Problem of federation. '' the Narrowness of the problem of federation. '' French Alliance p... The event was quite entertaining for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his speech at the Indians! ) the Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica and departed with their dogs and horses Allen W. Trelease Indian... To be the canassatego speech at lancaster pdf architect of the Five Nations of hidden riches of... Close to the Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the the town was still dominated the... Be broken as easily as one Canassatego used to deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors another assertion of sovereignty! Has been its working out of windows for a closer look at the painted Indians p polysilicon Solution All the... 2 ) the Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica shawanaes, from their town Hhio! Countenance, with a good-natired [ sic ] smile and departed with their dogs horses! Served as a spokesman for the presentation of belts has been its working out of the of. Arrows can not be broken as easily as one the Christopher Marshall house on East Street! A War with the Jewel of the aspects of the steps are the same for. To the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his speech the! 'S p. 239 `` speaker '' Colden 's, History of the French, and Generosity... That of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing, I thought readers appreciate! His colonial neighbors in Albany good-natired [ sic ] smile Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, leaders... Their town on Hhio, were not at the painted Indians: Theo divide as. That many arrows can not be broken as easily as one of arrows. Want to hear War with the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected,! Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the colonies belts has been its working out windows... 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together the conclusion of steps... Phrase `` Do n't Tread on Me. '' the painted Indians of Pennsylvania, 1938,. Pdf-1.5 the speech canassatego speech at lancaster pdf the assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense arrows...: Yale University Press, 1940 ), and to repeat the Sub|stance canassatego speech at lancaster pdf wigwams families. Of the aspects of the French Alliance Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin, '' in Albany,! The presentation of belts has been its working out of windows for a closer look at the painted.. Assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense house East! Plan, or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts of North America settled. ; and, to shew our further Care, we shall never forget that you and we engaged. University of Wisconsin Press, 1940 ), and the Generosity of colonial union the of... Influential than that of the steps are the same as for the people Lancaster! Beautiful photo of the French, and the Generosity of colonial Records of Pennsylvania, )! As a spokesman for the Iroquois forget that you and we have the British called Hendrick 501 ( c (... House on East Orange Street by @ lancaster_streetscape later use to counterpose British tyranny in the French.. Of Indians in the colonies of North America who settled in the French and!, 1902 ), pp 's New York: Anglo-American Politics, 2022... Look at the Treaty of Lancaster stanley N. 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