The real Eugene Nicolai Maki was born in Enaville, Idaho on May 30, 1919. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. He served as a case officer for the "Volunteer" spy network, which was tasked with relaying atomic secrets, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1949. There was five digits in each number and 21 numbers in most columns. Khrushchev also canceled an invitation for Eisenhower to visit the USSR. Mark made another admissionthat he was a Russian citizen, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, born July 2, 1902 in the Soviet Union. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . He displayed a birth certificate from the state of Idaho which showed that he was born in Enaville on May 30, 1919, and, in the presence of a Vice Consul, he executed an affidavit in which he explained that his family had left the United States in 1928: I accompanied my mother to Estonia when I was eight years of age and resided with her until her death in 1941. Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return to the Soviet Union. AP Follow Russia Beyond on Rumble The story of a Soviet. She disappeared for a moment, then returned with a purse in her hand. From the fall of 1952 until early in 1954, he said, Mikhail served as his espionage superior in New York. Since he was posing as an artist and photographer, nobody questioned his irregular working hours and frequent disappearances. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), The Spy Who Kept the Cold War From Boiling Over, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spies-swapped, Iconic child star Shirley Temple dies at 85, Laura Ingalls Wilder, chronicler of American frontier life, dies, World chess champion Garry Kasparov loses game to computer, Final episode of Arrested Development airs on Fox, Auto safety crusader Ralph Nader testifies before Congress. Should he be inside or outside? From the outset, it was obvious that they had found no Utopia on the border of the Soviet Union. Cain then became a fugitive because his brother's innocent blood put a . Nearly 10 years later, Mark was to admit that he had used Kayotis passport during the fall of 1948 in booking passage aboard an ocean liner from LeHavre, France, to Canada. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". It contained the following typewritten message: Nobody came to meeting either 8 or 9thas I was advised he should. [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. Four days later, instead of continuing his journey to the Soviet Union he entered the American embassy in Paris, announcing that he was a KGB officer and asking for asylum. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. There could be no question of its accuracy. According to Hayhanen, Mark was a colonel in the KGB and had been engaged in espionage work since approximately 1927. The detective had received his information from another police officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy. Upon its receipt in Washington on June 26, 1953, the nickel was subjected to the thorough scrutiny of a team of FBI scientific experts. WE CONGRATULATE YOU ON A SAFE ARRIVAL. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. This spy, Reino Hayhanen, stated that he had just been ordered to return to Moscow. Hayhanen had proved a poor spy during his five years in the United States and was being recalled to the USSR, where he feared he would be disciplined. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, alias Mark, alias Collins, alias Goldfus v. United States. When he picked it up, almost like magic, the coinsplit in half. Neither of these pennies, nor the assortment of other coins which the Laboratory examined, was found to have tool markings or other distinguishing features to identify it with the newsboys 1948 Jefferson nickel. As a member of a Soviet spy ring operating on American soil, Hyhnen came under the FBI's jurisdiction and they began verifying his story. Investigation in Detroit disclosed that several persons there considered Kayotis to be in poor physical condition at the time of his departure from the United States. During this period, FBI agents discreetly tied together the loose ends of the investigation, matters which had to be resolved before this Russian intelligence officer could be taken into custody. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. Among the government witnesses to testify against him was his former trusted espionage assistant, Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen. From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. Was Rudolf Abel found guilty? On November 15, 1957, Brooklyn judge Mortimer W. Byers sentenced Soviet spy Rudolf Abel to consecutive terms of 30, 10, and 5 years in prison and fined him $3,000. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel. It was the archetypal Cold War tale - an undercover operative arrested after his. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". For example, during the fall of 1948, while en route to the United States from the Soviet Union, he had adopted the identity of Andrew Kayotis. [2] In Fisher's New York hotel room the FBI found $4,000,[54][55] a hollow ebony block containing a 250-page Russian codebook, a hollow pencil containing encrypted messages on microfilm and a key to a safe-deposit box containing another $15,000 in cash. Want to read all 2 pages? "Red spy nabbed" screamed the Path News broadcast of October 1957 as Rudolf Abel was marched away in handcuffs. Please check.. Another was the base of a lamp post in Fort Tryon Park. He later served in an instructional role before taking part in intelligence operations against the Germans during World War II. On July 15, 1947, Andrew Kayotis, then residing in Detroit, was issued a passport so that he could visit relatives in Europe. However, private treatment by the agency he had served for decades was not as warm. When the New York detective contacted him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph it contained. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. Genrich Fischer (or Fisher), Abels father and a friend of Lenins, emigrated to Britain around 1901, where he spent 20 years attempting to organize and indoctrinate his fellow factory workers before returning to Russia. None could recall seeing a nickel or other coin quite like this one. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. In examining the nickel, agents of the FBIs New York Office noted that the microphotograph appeared to portray nothing more then ten columns of typewritten numbers. President John F. Kennedy commuted Abels sentence, and, on February 10, 1962, in a ceremony on a bridge between West Berlin and East Germany (Potsdam), Abel was exchanged for Powers and Frederic L. Pryor, an American student who had been held without charge in East Germany since August 1961. [27] Kayotis had applied for and received a visa to visit the Soviet Union. 2/9/2021, 7:27:06 PM. Hyhnen, Fisher's former assistant, testified against him at the trial. In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 5-4. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. The painter in question is Rudolf Abel (brilliantly played by Mark Rylance with wry, mournful soul), first seen serenely composing a self-portrait in his Brooklyn apartment in 1957, at the height of Cold War dread and paranoia. After he collected for the newspaper, Jimmy left the apartment house jingling several coins in his left hand. An investigation which had started with a newsboys hollow nickel ultimately resulted in the smashing of a Soviet spy ring. Forced to bail out at 15,000 feet, he survived the parachute jump but was promptly arrested by Soviet authorities. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. Hayhanen became a respected expert in Finnish intelligence matters and in May 1943 was accepted into membership in the Soviet Communist Party. He was exchanged in 1962 for the American aviator Francis Gary Powers, who had been imprisoned as a spy in the Soviet Union since 1960. Forced into retirement in 1971, he died of lung cancer on November 15 of that year. [] R. I. Abel resolutely expressed his firm reluctance to associate his name with such a hero "(V. G. Pavlov, Operation Snow, Moscow: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, FBI: Rudolph Ivanovich Abel (Hollow Nickel Case), "Mark Rylance wins Best Supporting Actor in the most high profile British win of Oscars 2016", "BAFTA Film Award Nominations and Winners 2016", A memorial plaque to the legendary Soviet intelligence officer William Fisher was put up in Samara, A True Story of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies, Universal News reporting Capture Of Soviet Spy Col. Rudolph Abel (1957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Abel&oldid=1150189193. EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT WITH THE FAMILY. That happened, and five years later, Rudolf Abel walked across the Glienicke Bridge between Potsdam and East Berlin, where he was met by Soviet intelligence. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union 30 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to obtain defense information 10 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State 5 years imprisonment. READ MORE:The Spy Who Kept the Cold War From Boiling Over. The lights went out at 11:52 p.m., and a man who appeared to generally fit the description of Mark stepped into the darkness outside the building. For the past five years, I have been operating in the United States. Something went wrong. Since the FBI Laboratory maintains a reference file concerning typewriters manufactured in the United States, a foreign-made typewriter undoubtedly was involved. On June 15, a photograph of Goldfus which the FBI took with a hidden camera was shown to Hayhanen. His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. [27][29] The Volunteer network grew to include "Aden" and "Serb", nuclear physicists contacted by Hall, and "Silver". It had been placed in the dead drop about two years previously, but, by a trick of fate, a repair crew had filled the hole in the stairs with cement, entombing the bolt and the message it contained. Then, in the summer of 1949, he entered Finland as Eugene Nicolai Maki, an American-born laborer. [2] The prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher's spy network, if there were any. [Image at top: An image of Abel's actual apartment at 252 Fulton Street in DUMBO. The detective, in turn, gave the coin to the FBI. An official website of the United States government. They also made several short trips together to Atlantic City, Philadelphia, Albany, Greenwich, and other communities in the eastern part of the United States. I dont have any change. In 1948, the KGB had called Hyhnen to Moscow where they issued him a new assignment. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. During the FBIs extensive interviews with him, in May 1957 Hayhanen was carefully questioned regarding the codes and cryptosystems which he had used in the various Soviet intelligence agencies he had served since 1939. "That Russian spy" was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, who less than two weeks earlier had been indicted by a Brooklyn grand jury. On the evening of Monday, June 22, 1953, a delivery boy for the Brooklyn Eagle knocked on the door of one of his customers in the apartment building at 3403 Foster Avenue in Brooklyn. [27] Grigulevich gave Fisher a genuine birth certificate, a forged draft card and a forged tax certificate, all under the name of Emil Robert Goldfus, along with $1,000. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! WE WISH YOU SUCCESS. While his KGB training continued, Hayhanen worked as a mechanic in the City of Valga, Estonia. Several weeks before he departed for America, Hayhanen was recalled to Moscow and introduced to a Soviet agent, Mikhail, who was to serve as his espionage superior in this country. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. In 1962, he was released to the Soviet Union in exchange for captured U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. He refused to cooperate at all. His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. The orderly became Abel's confidante, Ignashiev said, and the colonel told him that his real name was not Rudolf Abel but William Fisher. [8][6] Fisher's father, a revolutionary activist, taught and agitated with Vladimir Lenin at Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. The microfilm bore a typewritten message which identified Quebec as Army sergeant Roy Rhodes and stated the Soviet agents had recruited him in January 1952. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. [27] The real Goldfus had died at only 14 months, having been born on August 2, 1902, in New York. While in Finland, Hayhanen met and married Hanna Kurikka. She was to join him in the United States on February 20, 1953four months after his arrival here. Thanks to information offered by Hyhnen, Fisher was tracked down and arrested at the Latham Hotel in Manhattan. He also checked a dead-drop location he had memorized. [43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. \$523.89 -\$154.79 $523.89$154 . After five years in the United States, he dreaded the thought of going back to his communist-ruled homeland. I left Estonia for Finland in June 1943, and have resided here for the reason that I have no funds with which to pay my transportation to the United States.. He appeared before Judge Mortimer W. Byers on November 15, 1957 and was sentenced as follows (the three sentences to be served concurrently): Colonel Abel appealed his convictions, claiming that rights guaranteed to him under the Constitution and laws of the United States had been violated. [70] Fisher, who was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971. The information which Hayhanen furnished to U.S. officials in Paris, France, in May 1957, was immediately checked. of american history tv, the brooklyn historical society host several experts on the trial. Thus, 1957 agents confront Rudolf Abel and He intends to shred the note. The message apparently was intended for Hayhanen and had been sent from the Soviet Union shortly after his arrival in the United States. During this period, Fisher posed as a photographer and painter named Emil R. Goldfus and immersed himself in a Brooklyn artistic community. At 6:50 p.m., this man departed on footthe agents, certain their presence had not been detected, chose to wait rather than take a chance of trailing the wrong man. Two separate coins obviously had been used in making this trick 50 Markka piece. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. Abel reported to command and asked evacuation of the guy. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? ALL THE DATA ABOUT YOURSELF, PLACE OF WORK, ADDRESS, ETC., MUST NOT BE TRANSMITTED IN ONE CIPHER MESSAGE. [20] That year he married Elena Lebedeva, a harp student at Moscow Conservatoire. The first showed that he was Emil R. Goldfus, born August 2, 1902 in New York City. There is absolutely no doubt about it. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. Soviet spy William Fisher, a.k.a. [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. On May 5, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA. What happened to Rudolf Abel after the exchange? [51], Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in McAllen, Texas, and held there for six weeks. Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. He was to deliver a report from a Soviet agent at the United Nations secretariat, to a dead-letter box for collection. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting Immigration and Naturalization Service officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Fisher was aware of the "tail" but, as he had no passport to leave the country, he devised a plan to be used upon his capture. Codenamed "VIK", Hyhnen arrived in New York on the RMS Queen Mary, under the alias Eugene Nikolai Maki. One of these was Morton Sobell, whose wife had failed to receive the $5,000 embezzled by Hyhnen. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers.He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a . [32][69], After his return to Moscow, Fisher was employed by the Illegals Directorate of the KGB's First Chief Directorate, giving speeches and lecturing school children on intelligence work, but became increasingly disillusioned. Lona Cohen (codenamed "LESLE") and her husband Morris Cohen (codenamed "LUIS" and "VOLUNTEER") had run the Volunteer network and were seasoned couriers. . We strive for accuracy and fairness. FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. He described Mikhail as probably between 40 and 50 years old; medium build; long, thin nose; dark hair; and about five feet, nine inches tall. I have a sinus condition.. [6] In 1896, he was arrested for sedition and sentenced to three years internal exile. From New York came a half dollar which had been ground in such a manner that smaller coins could be concealed under it. They met only when necessarythe meeting place being the Prospect Park subway station. 27. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. It read: 1. Indicted as a Russian spy, Colonel Abel was tried in federal court at New York City during October 1957. The FBI first became aware of Abel's activities in 1953, when Abel's incompetent junior colleague Reino Hayhanen carelessly spent a hollow nickel that ended up in the hands of a paperboy. Even his wife knew him only as Eugene Maki, so carefully did he cover his previous life. However the report never arrived. >> have to thank mark palermo for bringing this to us and the brooklyn historical society. A search of his Brooklyn studio uncovered a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a code book, radio transmitting equipment and phony identifications. [10] However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the NKVD, which the OGPU had been renamed to in 1934. Full information concerning Rhodes involvement in Russian espionage was disseminated to the Army; and following a court-martial, he was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor.). Less than three years later, on May 1, 1960, Francis Gary Powers took off from Peshawar, Pakistan, at the controls of an ultra-sophisticated Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. Although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities, the photo studio and hotel room which he occupied were virtual museums of modern espionage equipment. How did the Supreme Court rule in Rudolf Abel's Case? [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. Reargued November 9, 1959. Abel, a colonel in the KGB, ha. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. [68] For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to portray "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. [58], As Fisher was no longer considered an alleged illegal alien, but rather an alleged spy, he was flown from Texas to New York on 7 August 1957, to answer the indictment. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Fisher was born William August Fisher[5] on 11 July 1903, in the Benwell area of Newcastle upon Tyne,[6] the second son of Heinrich and Lyubov Fisher. Donovan had read the newspaper accounts, which, he wrote, "described Abel in a sinister way as a 'master spy' heading all illegal Soviet espionage in the United States." During World War II, he again trained radio operators for clandestine work behind German lines. Several former intelligence agents who had defected to the free world from communist-bloc nations were contacted. In October 1948, using a Soviet passport, he travelled from Leningradsky Station to Warsaw. One of the nations most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just earned. Theodore "Ted" Hall (codenamed "MLAD"), a physicist, was the most important agent in the network in 1945, passing atomic secrets from Los Alamos. The latter must have "felt it" - . Due to a law that bans construction near the habitat of endangered species, developers kill and hide endangered species found on their land. [53] During this period Fisher stated that his "real" name was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel and that he was a Soviet citizen, although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities. Since he had studied the Finnish language and was very proficient in its use, Hayhanen was assigned as an interpreter to an NKVD group and sent to the combat zone to translate captured documents and interrogate prisoners during the Finnish-Soviet war. The bolt was about two inches long and one-fourth inch in diameter. In 1948, Fisher slipped into the United States illegally by way of Canada. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abels chief coconspirator in the United States. All Rights Reserved. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Manner that smaller coins could BE concealed under it ) Watch on had failed to the..., was convicted of espionage in the City of Valga, Estonia the United States on 20..., alias Collins, alias mark, alias Collins, alias mark alias! B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a Brooklyn artistic community, Abel. Immediately checked the Latham Hotel in Manhattan, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, was convicted of espionage the. This Finnish coin on May 17, 1957, was convicted of espionage in the United on... 1971, he entered Finland as Eugene Nicolai Maki was born in Enaville, Idaho on May,... From him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph contained... 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